The Ptolemaic Dynasty

ancient Egypt · Greek rulers · Hellenistic

Greek Macedonians ruled. The Ptolemaic dynasty started when a Greek general named Ptolemy took control of Egypt after Alexander the Great died. His family kept ruling for almost 300 years, making them the longest-lasting dynasty in all of ancient Egypt.

Blended two cultures. These rulers mixed Greek and Egyptian traditions together. They spoke Greek, followed Greek customs, but also adopted Egyptian titles and religions to connect with the Egyptian people they governed.

Scholars and libraries. The Ptolemies loved learning and built the famous Library of Alexandria, one of the greatest centers of knowledge in the ancient world. Scholars from all over came to study there.

Alexandria was their home. They made Alexandria, a new city on Egypt's coast, into their capital and one of the most beautiful cities of the ancient world. It became a hub for trade, art, and science.

Ended by Rome. The last Ptolemaic ruler was the famous Queen Cleopatra VII. When Rome conquered Egypt in 30 BC, the dynasty ended and Egypt became part of the Roman Empire.